Prediction of Groundwater Arsenic Hazard Employing Geostatistical Modelling for the Ganga Basin, India

Elevated arsenic concentrations in groundwater the Ganga–Brahmaputra–Meghna (GBM) river basin of India has created an alarming situation. Considering that is one largest consumers for a variety uses such as drinking, irrigation, and industry, it imperative to determine occurrence hazard sustainable management. The current study focused on evaluation Ganga employing Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Frequency Ratio (FR) models. Furthermore, maps were prepared using Kriging interpolation method with overlay analysis GIS platform based available secondary datasets. Both models generated satisfactory results minimum differences. highest likelihood been displayed around along Ganges River. Most Uttar Pradesh Bihar; parts Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, eastern western regions West Bengal show high hazard. More discrete rendered by AHP model. Validation was performed through evaluating Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristics metric (AUROC), where AUC values both ranged from 0.7 0.8. final output also validated against primary data field sampling districts two states, viz Bihar (2019) (2021). showed good accuracy spatial prediction